This appendix summarizes the 143 Unix commands discussed
in this book. At the end of each summary, the
designation [X] provides a link to the chapter
in which the command is explained.
| | |
| ! | Reexecute command from the history list [13] |
| !! | Reexecute last command from the history list [13] |
| & | Run a program in the background [26] |
| ^^ | Substitute/reexecute last command from history list [13] |
| ^Z | Suspend (pause) a foreground process [26] |
| | |
| alias | Create/display aliases [13] |
| apropos | Display command names based on keyword search [9] |
| | |
| bash | Bash shell [11] |
| bc | Arbitrary-precision, easy-to-use calculator [8] |
| bg | Move job to the background [26] |
| bindkey | Set command-line editing mode [13] |
| | |
| cal | Display a calendar [8] |
| calendar | Display current reminders from calendar file [8] |
| cat | Combine files; copy standard input to standard output [16] |
| cd | Change your working directory [24] |
| chmod | Change file permissions for files or directories [25] |
| chsh | Change your default shell [11] |
| cmp | Compare two files [17] |
| colrm | Delete specified columns of data [16] |
| comm | Compare two sorted files, show differences [17] |
| cp | Copy files; copy directories [25] |
| csh | C-Shell [11] |
| cut | Extract specified columns/fields of data [17] |
| | |
| date | Display the time and date [8] |
| dc | Arbitrary-precision, stack-based calculator [8] |
| df | Display disk space used/available for filesystems [24] |
| diff | Compare two files, show differences [17] |
| dirs | Display/clear contents of the directory stack [24] |
| dmesg | Display boot messages (Linux) [06] |
| du | Display amount of disk storage used by files [24] |
| dumpe2fs | Display filesystem information from superblock [24] |
| | |
| echo | Write arguments to standard output [12] |
| env | Display environment variables [12] |
| exit | Exit a shell [4] |
| expand | Change tabs to spaces [18] |
| export | Export shell variables to the environment [12] |
| | |
| fc | Display/reexecute commands from the history list [13] |
| fg | Move job to the foreground [26] |
| file | Analyze type of file [24] |
| find | Search for files in a directory tree; process results [25] |
| fmt | Format paragraphs to make them look nice [18, 22]
|
| fold | Format long lines into shorter lines [18] |
| fuser | Identify processes that are using specific files [26] |
| | |
| groups | Display the groups to which a userid belongs [25] |
| grep | Select lines containing a specified pattern [19] |
| | |
| head | Select lines from beginning of data [16, 21]
|
| hexdump | Display binary (non-text) files [21] |
| history | Display commands from the history list [13] |
| hostname | Display the name of your system [8] |
| | |
| id | Display current userid and groupid [25] |
| info | Display file from the Info reference system [9] |
| init | Change to another runlevel [6] |
| | |
| jobs | Display information about jobs [26] |
| join | Combine columns of data based on common fields [19] |
| | |
| kill | Terminate a process; send a signal to a process [26] |
| ksh | Korn shell [11] |
| | |
| last | Check the last time userid has logged in [4] |
| leave | Display reminder at a specified time [8] |
| less | Pager: display data, one screenful at a time [21] |
| ln | Create a new link to a file [25] |
| locate | Search for files [25] |
| lock | Temporarily lock your terminal [8] |
| login | Terminate a login shell and initiate a new login [4] |
| logout | Terminate a login shell [4] |
| look | Select lines that begin with a specified pattern [19] |
| ls | Display various types of information about files [24, 25]
|
| | |
| man | Display pages from the online Unix reference manual [9] |
| mkdir | Create a directory [24] |
| mkfifo | Create a named pipe [23] |
| more | Pager: display data, one screenful at a time [21] |
| mount | Mount a filesystem [23] |
| mv | Move or rename files or directories [24, 25]
|
| | |
| nice | Run a program using specified scheduling priority [26] |
| nl | Add line numbers to text [18] |
| | |
| od | Display binary (non-text) files [21] |
| | |
| passwd | Change your login password [4] |
| paste | Combine columns of data [17] |
| popd | Change working directory; pop name off directory stack [24] |
| pr | Format text into pages or columns [18] |
| print | Write arguments to standard output [12] |
| printenv | Display environment variables [12] |
| prstat | Display dynamic information about processes [26] |
| ps | Display information about processes [26] |
| pstree | Display diagram of a process tree [26] |
| ptree | Display diagram of a process tree [26] |
| pushd | Change working directory; push name on directory stack [24] |
| pwd | Display pathname of your working directory [24] |
| | |
| quota | Display your system resource quotas [8, 24]
|
| | |
| reboot | Reboot the computer [6] |
| renice | Change scheduling priority of a running program [26] |
| rev | Reverse order of characters in each line of data [16] |
| rm | Delete files or directories [25] |
| rmdir | Remove an empty directory [24] |
| | |
| sdiff | Compare two files, show differences [17] |
| sed | Non-interactive text editing [19] |
| set | Set/display shell options and shell variables [12] |
| setenv | Set/display environment variables [12] |
| sh | Bourne shell [11] |
| shred | Delete a file securely [25] |
| shutdown | Shutdown the computer [6] |
| sleep | Delay for a specified interval [26] |
| sort | Sort data; check if data is sorted [19] |
| split | Split a large file into smaller files [16] |
| stat | Display information from an inode [25] |
| strings | Search for character strings in binary files [19] |
| stty | Set/display operating options for your terminal [7] |
| su | Change to superuser or another userid [6] |
| sudo | Run a single command as superuser [6] |
| suspend | Suspend (pause) a shell [26] |
| | |
| tac | Combine files while reversing order of lines of text [16] |
| tail | Select lines from end of data [16, 21]
|
| tcsh | Tcsh shell [11] |
| tee | Copy standard input to a file and to standard output [15] |
| top | Display data about the most CPU-intensive processes [26] |
| touch | Update access/modification times of file; create file [25] |
| tr | Change or delete selected characters [19] |
| tree | Display a diagram of a directory tree [24] |
| tsort | Create a total ordering from partial orderings [19] |
| tty | Display name of the special file for your terminal [23] |
| type | Locate a command: display its pathname or alias [8] |
| | |
| umask | Set file mode mask for file creation [25] |
| umount | Unmount a filesystem [23] |
| unalias | Delete aliases [13] |
| uname | Display the name of your operating system [8] |
| unexpand | Change spaces to tabs [18] |
| uniq | Remove adjacent repeated lines in a text file [19] |
| unset | Delete shell variables [12] |
| unsetenv | Unset environment variables [12] |
| uptime | Display how long your system has been up [8] |
| users | Display userids that are currently logged in [8] |
| | |
| vi | vi text editor [22] |
| view | Start vi text editor in read-only mode [22] |
| vim | Vim text editor [22] |
| | |
| w | Display info about userids and active processes [8] |
| wc | Count lines, words and characters [18] |
| whatis | Display one-line summary of specified command [9] |
| whence | Locate a command: display its pathname or alias [8] |
| whereis | Find files associated with a command [25] |
| which | Locate a command: display its pathname or alias [8] |
| who | Display info about currently logged in userids [8] |
| whoami | Display the userid that is currently logged in [8] |
| | |
| xargs | Run command using arguments from standard input [25] |
| xman | GUI-based: display pages from online reference manual [9] |
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