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Detailed Table of Contents
| Chapter 1: |
|
Introduction to Unix |
| | Why Use Unix? |
| | The Unix Language |
| | Hints for Learning Unix |
| | People Who Don't Know They Are Using Unix |
| | People Who Do Know They Are Using Unix |
| | Getting the Most from This Book |
| | What I Assume in This Book |
| | What I Do Not Assume in This Book |
| | How to Use This Book |
| Chapter 2: |
|
What Is Unix? What Is Linux? |
| | What Is an Operating System? |
| | What Is the Kernel? |
| | Unix = Kernel + Utilities |
| | "Unix" Used to Be a Specific Name |
| | "Unix" Is Now a Generic Name |
| | The Free Software Foundation |
| | Excerpts from the "Gnu Manifesto" |
| | The GPL and Open Source Software |
| | Unix in the 1970s: From Bell Labs to Berkeley |
| | Unix in the 1980s: BSD and System V |
| | Unix in 1991: Waiting for... |
| | ...Mr. Right, Linus Torvalds |
| | Linux Distributions |
| | BSD Distributions |
| | What type of Unix Should You Use? |
| | How Do You Get Linux or FreeBSD? |
| | What Is Unix? What Is Linux? |
| Chapter 3: |
|
The Unix Connection |
| | Humans, Machines and Aliens |
| | In the Olden Days, Computers Were Expensive |
| | Host and Terminals |
| | Terminal Rooms and Terminal Servers |
| | The Console |
| | The Unix Connection |
| | Hosts Without Consoles |
| | The Client/Server Relationship |
| | What Happens When You Press a Key? |
| | Character Terminals and Graphics Terminals |
| Chapter 4: |
|
Starting to Use Unix |
| | The System Administrator |
| | Userids and passwords |
| | Logging In (Starting Work With Unix) |
| | Getting Down to Work: The Shell Prompt |
| | Logging Out (Stopping Work With Unix): logout, exit, login |
| | Upper- and Lowercase |
| | A Sample Session With Unix |
| | Changing Your Password: passwd |
| | Choosing a Password; Hackers and Crackers |
| | Checking If Someone Has Been Using Your Unix Account: last |
| | Userids and Users |
| | The Superuser Userid (root) |
| | Having Fun While Practicing Safe Computing |
| Chapter 5: |
|
GUIs: Graphical User Interfaces |
| | What Is a GUI? |
| | X Window |
| | Who Is in Charge of X Window? |
| | Layers of Abstraction |
| | The Window Manager |
| | The Desktop Environment |
| | Layers of Abstraction: Revisited |
| | How the Unix Companies Blew It |
| | KDE and Gnome |
| | CDE and Total Cost of Ownership |
| | Choosing a Desktop Manager |
| | The Grandmother Machine |
| Chapter 6: |
|
The Unix Work Environment |
| | Doing More Than One Thing at the Time: Part I |
| | The GUI and the CLI |
| | Logging in and Logging out with a GUI |
| | Runlevels |
| | Does Microsoft Windows Have Runlevels? |
| | Learning to Use a GUI |
| | Of Mice and Menus |
| | Resizing, Minimizing, Maximizing and Closing Windows |
| | Controlling the Focus: Task Switching |
| | Multiple Desktops / Workspaces |
| | Terminal Windows |
| | Virtual Consoles |
| | The One and Only Console |
| | Selecting and Inserting |
| | Copying and Pasting |
| | Working as Superuser: su |
| | Entering a Single Command as Superuser: sudo |
| | Configuration Files |
| | Looking Inside a Configuration File |
| | Shutting Down and Rebooting: init, reboot, shutdown |
| | What Happens When the System Starts or Stops? dmesg |
| | Doing More Than One Thing at the Time: Part II |
| Chapter 7: |
|
Using the Keyboard With Unix |
| | The First Unix Terminals |
| | Teletypes and the Unix Culture |
| | Termcap, Terminfo and curses |
| | How Does Unix Know What Type of Terminal You Are Using? |
| | The Modifier Keys; The Key |
| | The Unix Keyboard Signals |
| | Signals to Use While Typing: erase, werase, kill |
| | The Strangeness of and |
| | The Case of the Mysterious ^H |
| | Stopping a Program: intr |
| | Another Way to Stop a Program: quit |
| | Pausing the Display: stop, start |
| | The End of File Signal: eof |
| | The Shell and the eof Signal |
| | Bash: Trapping the eof Signal |
| | Korn Shell: Trapping the eof Signal |
| | C-Shell: Trapping the eof Signal |
| | Displaying Key Mappings: stty -a |
| | Changing Key Mappings: stty |
| | Command Line Editing |
| | return and linefeed |
| | The Importance of newline |
| | An Important Use for ^J: stty sane, reset |
| | The Fable of the Programmer and the Princess |
| Chapter 8: |
|
Programs to Use Right Away |
| | Finding a Program on Your System: which, type, whence |
| | How Do You Stop a Program? |
| | Displaying the Time and Date: date |
| | Displaying a Calendar: cal |
| | The Unix Reminder Service: calendar |
| | Information About Your System: uptime, hostname, uname |
| | Information About You: whoami, quota |
| | Information About Other Users: users, who, w |
| | Locking Your Terminal Temporarily: lock |
| | Asking Unix to Remind You When to Leave: leave |
| | A Built-In Calculator: bc |
| | Using bc For Calculations |
| | Using Variables With bc |
| | Using bc With Different Bases |
| | Reverse Polish Notation |
| | The Stack-Based Calculator: dc |
| Chapter 9: |
|
Documentation: The Unix Manual and Info |
| | The Unix Tradition of Teaching Yourself |
| | RTFM |
| | What Is the Unix Manual? man |
| | Man Pages |
| | Displaying Man Pages |
| | Two Useful Man Page Techniques |
| | Alternatives to man: xman and the Web |
| | How the Unix Manual in Organized |
| | Specifying the Section Number When Using the man Command |
| | How Man Pages Are Referenced |
| | The Format of a Manual Page |
| | A Quick Way to Find Out What a Command Does: whatis |
| | Searching For a Command: apropos |
| | Foo, Bar and Foobar |
| | The Info System |
| | Info and Trees |
| | Starting Info: info |
| | Learning About Info |
| | Reading an Info File |
| | Jumping From One Node to Another |
| Chapter 10: |
|
Command Syntax |
| | The Unix Tradition of Teaching Yourself |
| | Entering More Than One Command at a Time |
| | What Happens When You Enter a Command? |
| | Command Syntax |
| | Options |
| | Dash Options and Dash-Dash Options |
| | Arguments |
| | Whitespace |
| | One or More; Zero or More |
| | The Formal Description of a Command: Syntax |
| | Learning Command Syntax From the Unix Manual |
| | How Can You Learn So Many Options? |
| Chapter 11: |
|
The Shell |
| | What Is a Shell? |
| | The Bourne Shell Family: sh, ksh, bash |
| | The C-Shell Family: csh, tcsh |
| | Which Shell Should You Use? |
| | Changing Your Shell Temporarily |
| | Changing Your Login Shell: chsh |
| Chapter 12: |
|
Using the Shell: Variables and Options |
| | Interactive and Non-Interactive Shells |
| | The Environment, Processes and Variables |
| | Environment Variables and Shell Variables |
| | Displaying Environment Variables: env, printenv |
| | Displaying Shell Variables: set |
| | Displaying and Using the Value of a Variable: echo, print |
| | Bourne Shell Family: Using Variables: export, unset |
| | C-Shell Family: Using Variables: setenv, unsetenv, set, unset |
| | Shell Options: set -o, set +o |
| | Displaying Shell Options |
| | Machine-readable, Human-readable |
| Chapter 13: |
|
Using the Shell: Commands and Customization |
| | Metacharacters |
| | Quoting and Escaping |
| | Strong and Weak Quotes |
| | Commands That Are Built Into the Shell: type |
| | Learning About Builtin Commands |
| | External Commands and the Search Path |
| | Modifying Your Search Path |
| | How a Hacker Can Use the Search Path |
| | The Shell Prompt |
| | Modifying the Shell Prompt |
| | Using the Value of a Variable |
| | Which Quotes to Use When Quoting Variables |
| | Special Codes That Use an Escape Character |
| | Command Substitution |
| | Typing Commands and Making Changes |
| | The History List: fc, history |
| | History List: Setting the Size |
| | History List Example: Avoid Deleting the Wrong Files |
| | Displaying Event Number & Working Directory in Your Shell Prompt |
| | Autocompletion |
| | Autocompletion: Beyond the Basics |
| | Using Autocompletion for Fun and Profit |
| | Command Line Editing: bindkey |
| | Aliases: alias, unalias |
| | Alias Example: Avoid Deleting the Wrong Files |
| | Alias Example: Reusing Commands From the History List |
| | Alias Example: Displaying Name of Working Directory in Shell Prompt |
| | Suspending an Alias Temporarily |
| Chapter 14: |
|
Using the Shell: Initialization Files |
| | Initialization Files and Logout Files |
| | Names of Initialization and Logout Files |
| | Dotfiles and rc Files |
| | Using a Simple Text Editor |
| | Login Shells and Non-Login Shells |
| | When are Initialization Files Executed? |
| | A Quick History of Shell Initialization Files |
| | What to Put in Your Initialization Files |
| | Displaying, Creating and Editing Your Initialization Files |
| | Comments in Shell Scripts |
| | Bourne Shell Family: Sample Initialization Files |
| | C-Shell Family: Sample Initialization Files |
| Chapter 15: |
|
Standard I/O, Redirection, and Pipes |
| | The Unix Philosophy |
| | The New Unix Philosophy |
| | Standard Input, Standard Output and Standard Error |
| | Redirecting Standard Output |
| | Preventing Files From Being Replaced or Created by Redirection |
| | Redirecting Standard Input |
| | File Descriptors; Redirecting Standard Error With the Bourne Shell Family |
| | Subshells |
| | Redirecting Standard Error With the C-Shell Family |
| | Combining Standard Output and Standard Error |
| | Throwing Away Output |
| | Redirection: Summaries and Experimenting |
| | Pipelines |
| | Splitting a Pipeline: tee |
| | The Importance of Pipelines |
| | Conditional Execution |
| Chapter 16: |
|
Filters: Introduction and Basic Operations |
| | Variations of Commands and Options |
| | Filters |
| | Should You Create Your Own Filters? |
| | The Problem Solving Process |
| | The Simplest Possible Filter: cat |
| | Increasing the Power of Filters |
| | A List of the Most Useful Filters |
| | Combining Files: cat |
| | Splitting Files: split |
| | Combining Files While Reversing Lines: tac |
| | Reversing the Order of Characters: rev |
| | Selecting Lines From the Beginning or End of Data: head, tail |
| | Deleting Columns of Data: colrm |
| Chapter 17: |
|
Filters: Comparing and Extracting |
| | Comparing Files |
| | Comparing Any Two Files: cmp |
| | Comparing Sorted Text Files: comm |
| | Comparing Unsorted Text Files: diff |
| | Options to Use With diff |
| | Output formats when comparing files: diff, sdiff |
| | Diffs and Patches |
| | Extracting Columns of Data: cut |
| | Records, Fields and Delimiters; Extracting Fields of Data: cut |
| | Combining Columns of Data: paste |
| Chapter 18: |
|
Filters: Counting and Formatting |
| | Creating line numbers: nl |
| | Counting Lines, Words and Characters: wc |
| | How Unix Uses Tabs |
| | Visualizing Tabs and Spaces |
| | Changing Tabs to Spaces: expand |
| | Changing Spaces to Tabs: unexpand |
| | Formatting Lines: fold |
| | The 80-Character Line |
| | Formatting Paragraphs: fmt |
| | The Olden Days of Printing |
| | Formatting Text Into Pages: pr |
| | Formatting Text Into Columns: pr |
| Chapter 19: |
|
Filters: Selecting, Sorting, Combining, and Changing |
| | Selecting Lines That Contain a Specified Pattern: grep |
| | The Most Important grep Options |
| | Variations of grep: fgrep, egrep |
| | Selecting Lines Beginning With a Specific Pattern: look |
| | When Do You Use look and When Do You Use grep? |
| | Finding All the Words That Begin With a Specific Pattern: look |
| | Sorting Data: sort |
| | Controlling the Order in Which Data Is Sorted: sort -dfn |
| | Checking If Data Is Sorted: sort -c |
| | The ASCII Code; Collating Sequences |
| | Locales and Collating Sequences |
| | Finding Duplicate Lines: uniq |
| | Merging Sorted Data From Two Files: join |
| | Creating a Total Ordering From Partial Orderings: tsort |
| | Searching for Character Strings in Binary Files: strings |
| | Translating Characters: tr |
| | Translating Unprintable Characters |
| | Translating Characters: Advanced Topics |
| | Non-interactive Text Editing: sed |
| | Using sed for Substitutions |
| | Telling sed to Operate Only on Specific Lines |
| | Using Very Long sed Commands |
| Chapter 20: |
|
Regular Expressions |
| | Introducing Regular Expressions |
| | The Origin of Regular Expressions |
| | Basic and Extended Regular Expressions |
| | Matching Lines and Words |
| | Matching Characters; Character Classes |
| | Predefined Character Classes; Ranges |
| | Locales and Collating Sequences; the ASCII Code |
| | Using Ranges and Predefined Character Classes |
| | Repetition Operators |
| | How to Understand a Complex Regular Expression |
| | Solving Three Interesting Puzzles |
| Chapter 21: |
|
Displaying Files |
| | Survey of Programs Used To Display Files |
| | Introduction to less: Starting, Stopping, Help |
| | The Story of less and more |
| | Using less |
| | Using less to Search Within a File |
| | Raw and Cooked Mode |
| | Options to Use With less |
| | When to Use less and When to Use cat |
| | Using Environment Variables to Customize Your Pager |
| | Displaying Multiple Files With less |
| | Displaying a File Using more |
| | Displaying the Beginning of a File: head |
| | Displaying the End of a File: tail |
| | Watching the End of a Growing File: tail -f |
| | Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal |
| | Reading and Writing Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal |
| | Why We Use Hexadecimal Rather Than Octal |
| | Displaying Binary Files: hexdump, od |
| | Why Does So Much Computer Terminology Come From Mathematics? |
| Chapter 22: |
|
The vi Text Editor |
| | Why vi Is So Important |
| | A Quick History of vi |
| | Vim: an Alternative to vi |
| | Starting vi |
| | Starting Vim: vim |
| | Command Mode and Input Mode |
| | Knowing What Mode You Are In |
| | Starting vi As a Read-Only Editor: view, vi -R |
| | Recovering Data After a System Failure |
| | Stopping vi |
| | How vi Uses the Screen |
| | Using vi and ex Commands |
| | A Strategy for Learning vi Commands |
| | Creating a Practice File |
| | Moving the Cursor |
| | Moving Through the Editing Buffer |
| | Jumping to a Previous Location |
| | Searching for a Pattern |
| | Using Line Numbers |
| | Inserting Text |
| | Changing Text |
| | Replacing Text |
| | Deleting Text |
| | Undoing or Repeating a Change |
| | Recovering Deletions |
| | Moving Text |
| | Copying Text |
| | Changing the Case of Letters |
| | Setting Options |
| | Displaying Options |
| | Breaking Lines Automatically As You Type |
| | Breaking and Joining Lines |
| | Copying and Moving Lines |
| | Entering Shell Commands |
| | Inserting Data From a File Into the Editing Buffer |
| | Inserting the Output of a Shell Command Into the Editing Buffer |
| | Using a Program to Process Data: fmt |
| | Writing Data to a File |
| | Changing to a New File |
| | Using Abbreviations |
| | Macros |
| | Initialization Files: .exrc, .vimrc |
| | Using Two Initialization Files |
| | Learning to Use Vim |
| | It's Always Something |
| Chapter 23: |
|
The Unix Filesystem |
| | What Is a File? |
| | Types of Files |
| | Directories and Subdirectories |
| | Special Files |
| | Special Files for Hardware |
| | Special Files for Terminals: tty |
| | Special Files for Pseudo-Devices |
| | Named Pipes: mkfifo |
| | Proc Files |
| | The Tree-Structured Filesystem; The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard |
| | The Root Directory; Subdirectories |
| | Mounting a Filesystem: mount, umount |
| | A Tour of the Root Directory |
| | A Tour of the /usr Directory |
| | Why Is There More Than One Directory for Programs? |
| | Home Directories |
| | The Virtual File System |
| Chapter 24: |
|
Working With Directories |
| | Pathnames and Your Working Directory |
| | Absolute and Relative Path Names |
| | Three Handy Pathname Abbreviations: .. . ~ |
| | Moving Around the Directory Tree: cd, pwd |
| | Making a New Directory: mkdir |
| | Removing a Directory: rmdir |
| | Moving or Renaming a Directory: mv |
| | Using the Directory Stack: pushd, popd, dirs |
| | The Most Important Program of All: ls |
| | Listing the Contents of a Directory: ls -CrR1 |
| | Collating sequences, Locales and ls |
| | Checking File Types, Part I: ls -F |
| | Checking File Types, Part II: ls --color |
| | Checking File Types, Part III: file |
| | Keeping Track of Your Disk Space Usage: ls -hs, du, df, quota |
| | How Big Is a File? Blocks and Allocation Units: dumpe2fs |
| | Globbing with Wildcards |
| | Dot Files (Hidden Files): ls -a |
| | Long Directory Listings: ls -dhltu |
| | Useful Aliases for Using ls |
| | Displaying a Directory Tree: tree |
| Chapter 25: |
|
Working With Files |
| | Creating a File: touch |
| | Naming a File |
| | Copying a File: cp |
| | Copying Files to a Different Directory: cp |
| | Copying a Directory to Another Directory: cp -r |
| | Moving a File: mv |
| | Renaming a File or Directory: mv |
| | Deleting a File: rm |
| | How to Keep From Deleting the Wrong Files: rm -if |
| | Deleting an Entire Directory Tree: rm -r |
| | Is It Possible to Restore a File That Has Been Deleted? |
| | File Permissions |
| | Setuid |
| | How Unix Maintains File Permissions: id, groups |
| | Displaying File Permissions: ls -l |
| | File Modes |
| | Changing File Permissions: chmod |
| | How Unix Assigns Permissions to a New File: umask |
| | Wiping Out the Contents of a File: shred |
| | The Idea of a Link: stat, ls -i |
| | Multiple Links to the Same File |
| | Creating a New Link: ln |
| | How The Basic File Commands Work |
| | Symbolic Links: ln -s |
| | Using Symbolic Links With Directories |
| | Finding Files Associated With a Unix Command: whereis |
| | Finding Files by Searching a Database: locate |
| | Finding Files by Searching a Directory Tree: find |
| | The find Command: Paths |
| | The find Command: Tests |
| | The find Command: Negating a Test With the ! Operator |
| | The find Command: Dealing With File Permission Error Messages |
| | The find Command: Actions |
| | Processing Files That Have Been Found: xargs |
| Chapter 26: |
|
Processes and Job Control |
| | How the Kernel Manages Processes |
| | Forking Till You Die |
| | Orphans and Abandoned Processes |
| | Distinguishing Between Parent and Child |
| | The Very First Process: init |
| | Foreground and Background Processes |
| | Creating a Delay: sleep |
| | Job Control |
| | Running a Job in the Background |
| | Suspending a Job: fg |
| | Suspending a Shell: suspend |
| | Job Control vs. Multiple Windows |
| | Displaying a List of Your Jobs: jobs |
| | Moving a Job to the Foreground: fg |
| | Moving a Job to the Background: bg |
| | Learning to Use the ps Program |
| | The ps Program: Basic Skills |
| | The ps Program: Choosing Options |
| | The ps Program: States |
| | Monitoring System Processes: top, prstat |
| | Displaying a Process Tree: pstree, ptree |
| | Thinking About How Unix Organizes Process and Files: fuser |
| | Killing a Process: kill |
| | Sending a Signal to a Process: kill |
| | Setting the Priority for a Process: nice |
| | Changing the Priority of an Existing Process: renice |
| | Daemons |
| | The End of the Last Chapter |
|
